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CubeSats for Climate Change Monitoring (C3M)
Advancing greenhouse gas detection and
climate hazard monitoring through compact
infrared spectroscopy on CubeSats.NASA EPSCoR Grant
Mission Overview
The CubeSats for Climate Change Monitoring (C3M) project advances a compact, low-power, infrared (IR) spectrometer to support detection and mapping of greenhouse gases, contribute to wildfire mitigation and recovery, and aid characterization of volcanic hazards from a 1U CubeSat platform. Motivated by the impacts of climate change, wildfires, and volcanic activity in Hawaii, C3M utilizes IR sensing to enable timely detection and characterization of thermal events and gas emissions. This project is funded by NASA EPSCoR.
Start date: 07/01/2026
End date:
Payload
The IR spectrometer employs a patented Fabry-Perot spatial interferometric architecture¹ coupled with uncooled microbolometer imaging arrays that capture spectral data across the mid and longwave IR range (2.5-12 microns). This design eliminates the need for cryogenic cooling while achieving a performance suitable for greenhouse gas detection through the multiplexing (Fellgett) and throughput (Jacquinot) advantages inherent to interferometric systems. The instrument is optimized to detect high-volume point sources of carbon dioxide, methane, and sulfur dioxide. By prioritizing higher spatial resolution over sensitivity, the spectrometer can detect elevated gas concentrations that heavily contribute to global greenhouse gas budgets. The payload's extremely low volume, mass, and power requirements make it ideal for small satellite deployment.
Technical Specifications
Spectral Range: 2.5–12 μm
Detector Type:
Uncooled Microbolometer Arrays
Target Gases:
CO₂, CH₄, SO₂
Platform:
1U CubeSat Compatible
Bus
C3M utilizes the Artemis CubeSat Kit², a modular 1U platform designed and built by the Hawaii Space Flight Laboratory. The kit employs commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components and open-source architecture, making it low-cost and widely accessible. Mechanical and electrical modifications to the Artemis CubeSat Kit bus enable seamless spectrometer integration, demonstrating that high-performance infrared spectroscopy can be achieved with the strict size, weight, and power (SWaP) requirements of small satellites.
The compact, low-cost design enables C3M to pursue a coordinated CubeSat constellation for consistent, wide-area monitoring of greenhouse gas concentrations and thermal anomalies. This architecture overcomes the limited spatial coverage and revisit constraints of traditional single-satellite missions, enabling near-continuous observation of dynamic emission sources and rapid environmental changes. Mission operations focus on the Hawaiian Islands and broader Pacific region, supporting identification of emission hotspots, quantification of greenhouse gases, and assessment of climate-related hazards in vulnerable areas.

Mission Participants
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Miguel NunesAerospace and Mechanical Engineer, Ph.D.; Assistant Researcher at HIGP; Deputy Director of HSFL
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Paul LuceyCo‑investigator and Science Lead
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Jaycee HasegawaSystems Engineer
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Jun Jie Huang
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Dennis Sarsozo Jr.CubeSat Software Engineer Intern
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Jharrel SimAvionics Developer/Tester
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Samantha MallariSoftware Developer
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Noah ThompsonGraduate Researcher
Miguel Nunes
Miguel Nunes is an Assistant Researcher at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP) and Deputy Director of the Hawaiʻi Space Flight Laboratory (HSFL). Miguel received his Aerospace Engineering Degree from the Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal, and his Masters and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. Miguel has worked as an engineer for HSFL since 2009 on small satellite mission development with applications to science instrumentation, such as the NASA HyTI mission, where he currently serves as the Systems Engineer and Deputy PI. For his Ph.D. research, Miguel developed a Multi-Agent Robotic System (MARS) for distributed space missions. He is the main lead for the research and development of the Satellite Testing Facility and a co-inventor of the the Comprehensive Open-architecture Solution for Mission Operations System (COSMOS, https://github.com/hsfl/cosmos).
Aerospace and Mechanical Engineer, Ph.D.
Assistant Researcher at the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology
Deputy Director of HSFL
Paul Lucey
Paul Lucey is the co‑investigator and science lead for C3M, guiding the mission with expertise in infrared spectrometers, thermal‑IR sensing, and planetary remote‑sensing instrumentation. Paul Lucey is a professor at the Hawai‘i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology whose work has shaped modern approaches to lunar composition analysis and infrared imaging technologies. His career spans over 200 publications and multiple instrument developments that anchor C3M’s scientific foundation.
Jaycee Hasegawa
Jaycee was born and raised in Mililani, Hawaii. She is currently pursuing her B.S. in Mechanical Engineering and minor in Computer Science at the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa. She serves as the Systems Engineer for C3M and helps with system architecture planning, payload integration, and project documentation. In her free time she loves to read books, listen to music, and spend time with her two dogs, Mochi and Alex.
Jun Jie Huang
Junjie was born in China and moved to Honolulu, Hawaii, at four months old. He graduated in December 2025 with a B.S. in Electrical & Computer Engineering on the Systems and Data Science track and is currently pursuing an M.S. in Electrical & Computer Engineering. A lifelong Star Wars fan, he has been drawn to the space and tech industry for as long as he can remember. He enjoys getting hands-on with hardware and seeing how theory translates into real-world application, which is the part of engineering he finds most rewarding.
Dennis Sarsozo Jr.
Dennis Sarsozo is a Computer Engineering student at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, expected to graduate in 2027. He works as a CubeSat Software Engineer Intern at the Hawaiʻi Space Flight Laboratory, contributing to both the NASA EPSCoR C3M mission and the Neutron-2 mission. He is also an AFROTC Space Force officer select candidate. Outside of engineering, Dennis enjoys photography, building software projects, and exploring new technology.
Jharrel Sim
Jharrell was born and raised on Maui earning his B.S in Electrical Engineering at the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa. He is currently pursuing his M.S. at the same university and has been working for HSFL since Spring 2025. His duties include developing/testing the avionics for the Artemis CubeSat Kit and the CubeSats for Climate Change Monitoring (C3M) mission. One of his current tasks is fabricating and integrating SatNOGS radio boards for use across multiple HSFL missions. Outside of work, his hobbies include piano, ukulele, and golf when he has the time. He also has one cat, Kimchi.
Samantha Mallari
Samantha earned her B.S. and M.S. in Computer Science from the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, and has been with HSFL since Spring 2025. Her work mainly focuses on developing software for the CubeSats for Climate Change Monitoring (C3M) mission and the Artemis CubeSat Kit, spanning embedded flight software, ground station software, data analysis, payload integration, and radio communications. She’s also well-versed in other technology stacks, including web app development and machine learning. Outside the lab, Samantha’s an avid reader and a hobbyist tinkerer who loves exploring open-source firmware to give old tech new life.
Noah Thompson
Noah Thompson was born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii, earning his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering in 2024 from the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa. He is currently pursuing his M.S. in Mechanical Engineering, and have contributed to the VIA-SEES student satellite project and the Hyperspectral Thermal Imager (HyTI) satellite as a mission planner and flight engineer. Their current research focuses on CubeSats for Climate Change Monitoring (C3M), where they serve as the Spacecraft Lead. He is a big cat lover, having owned many cats throughout his life. He actually has 4 cats right now, their names are Tiger, Tiny, Scout, and Mako. He tries to keep an active lifestyle by going to the gym, running, hiking, and free-diving. Other hobbies include racing his car and bowling.
